From here, frozen tissues and between the cells ice crystals form that rob water cells to form and grow. This does not destroy cells, because if the body is recovered, it can continue with their metabolic activity and reproductive. El danger is that when the body goes into heat again, la Blood clots producing cells in injured serious traffic problems, como si de una trombosis se tratara con un riesgo elevado de infarto.

El freezing process can occur in any environment below zero degrees Celsius and is associated with problems of hypothermia. La cause most common appearance is that has to do with blood circulation:

• Immobilization
• Too tight clothing such as boots, costumes, belts,…
• Contacto con materiales fríos (liquid, metals,…)
• Activities that induce vasoconstriction (smoking, for example).

Then when you start the process, originating a feeling cold that is accompanied by pain and pallor of the affected area. As freezing progresses, The area becomes numb, the pain is gone but the color is becoming whiter. In severe cases, los tissue hardening y la coloración que adquiere es violeta o púrpura.

Las frostbite Milder are affecting finger or toe, tip of the nose or ears eventually disappear after a few days without a trace. If the thing gets worse, then often blisters can completely coat the fingers of one hand or foot. These blisters are a sign that the person may lose the area. If the blister is filled with a liquid containing blood as safe to lose that body part, or, recovers the tissue but not 100%. El frozen tissue ends up dying and 5-7 days, a sort of hardened layer, thick and black: the snails, que acaba separándose del tejido.

What is the treatment for frostbite?

Antes de iniciar cualquier tipo de tratamiento deben diferenciarse los diferentes estados por los que una persona pueda pasar.

• Hypothermia: La piel está pálida, the person is slowed down and lethargic. It answers some questions or have difficulty saying anything. Stiffness is observed in members. The best performance for this case is the patient transferred to a dry, warm and at rest. If you have wet clothes, is to be changed to dry clothes, or else, to make him a warm bath. Answering questions, may be given hot drinks containing sugar and never give “alcohol” to enter into “heat”.
• Freezing First Grade: La piel está pálida, existe rigidez de miembros y la persona tiene dolor y seThe skin is paletos.
• Freezing Second Grade: The frozen area is inflamed. Pueden aparecer ampollas de color morado o negruzco.
• Freezing Third Grade: Severe swelling of the frozen zone. The skin is smooth, está agrietada.

For cases of frostbite, el action protocol is as follows:

• Transfer the patient to a warm, dry place. Mantenerla en reposo.
• Change wet or damp clothes dry. Do not adjust, no apretar.
• Do not massage or rub the affected area for heat
• Hot drinks are allowed if conscious. Prohibido el alcohol.
• Do not heat areas dryers or stoves frozen
• Do not use an open flame to heat the bathroom or any container

REMEMBER: Before heating the tissues is very important to overheating and a return to normal blood flow. Without an adequate blood supply, los tejidos pueden quedar lesionados.

El overheating is effective provided it is within first 24 hours since the lesion appeared. La duration usually about 30 a 60 minutes. In making the bathroom, is for the whole body or a limb only, is advisable that the water temperature is in the range 38 and 42 º C. For an appropriate, be removed any clothing from the extremity (t-shirts, jacket,pants, neoprenos, sales etc.…) to promote the blood circulation. El member remain suspended in the bathroom without it rests on the bottom or rest on the ends of the tub or container ready for that. It will be removed from water and the member will be added hot water each 10 minutes to maintain a constant temperature. Not only the water loses heat and cools, but the frozen limb también hace bajar la temperatura del baño.

When water is mixed back and buy temperature, the member will be suspended in the water. Think of the person will not feel heat orTheain sensation to this area because it is insensitive. We will be so until the change color tissue andthe person has pain due to Thawing.

When you finish the bath, keep the patient warm, avoiding completely direct contact (rozaduras, pressure, etc. ..) the injured area to prevent further infection. Once completed the reheating process, should be evacuated to the person hospital más cercano.

Anyway, la Healing can take weeks and it is very likely to continue Warm water baths y jabón antiséptico para lavar la zona y evitar infecciones.

Atmospheric Pressure Differences (mmHg)

Looking at the table, becomes evident that this difference will affect the function of certain organs that, se verán severamente afectados llegando incluso a disminuir prácticamente su actividad.

Las most frequent causes to suffer altitude sickness are:

• Up more than 3.000 metros de altura sin preparación física previa.
• Ascender gran altura mediante el uso de vehículos  o aparatos sin preparación o equipo adecuado.
• Viaje o un traslado de vivienda a una zona de alta montaña o a gran altura sobre el nivel del mar.
• Descompresión de la cabina de avión sin aporte de oxígeno supletorio.

What are the symptoms that appear when you have altitude sickness?

Los symptoms are varied and depend largely on the abrupt changes in altitude, external conditions and the person's own. Establishing a safety zone that is between 1000 and 3500 metros, and from which it is necessary to adapt to the environment:

• 2.200-2.400 metros de altura: Increasing the respiratory rate
• 3.000-3.500 metros de altura: Tachycardia
• 4.500 metros de altura: Reduces lung capacity
• 5000 metros de altura: Weakness, nausea and vomiting
• 5500 metros de altura: Bouts of insomnia
• 6000 metros de altura: Vision Disorders
• 6900 metros de altura: Loss of consciousness

If there is an adaptation of these symptoms can lead to:

• Pulmonary Edema
• Edema cerebral
• Heart Failure
• Muscle fatigue
• Retinal hemorrhage

How can I prevent altitude sickness?

La Basic prevention not to suffer this disease starts with a good physical preparation focused especially on Aerobic exercise. A healthy person can tolerate pressure changes while climbing if you do it slowly:

• 400-600 vertical meters per day
• 1 rest day for every drop

This is enough to cause a increase in the production of hematíes and increase the content hemoglobin ( reference figures: 15-20 g 100 ml). Con ello, oxygen diffusion is secured to the lung in 20-25% more so will also increase number of mitochondria para usar el aporte de oxígeno adaptado.

Must also be met an number of requirements that will depend on a person's own:

• Avoid alcohol the first few days
• Avoid administration of sedatives and oral contraceptives
• Lowering salt intake at meals
• Se desaconseja el tratamiento contra la malaria ya que esconde la sintomatología del mal de altura.
• Equipped with appropriate equipment (takes, oxygen,…)

Is there any treatment for altitude sickness?

Nowadays, There is an active ingredient capable of fighting this disorder and the acetazolamide. This drug is administered prior to the rise (or decrease, if caving) to alleviate Respiratory effect involved in the acclimatization. It takes 12 hours before the start and the 2 días siguientes.

La acetazolamida marketed in Spain under the name Edemox and comes in a bottle 20 tablets, cada uno de ellos con una dosis de 250mg.

The indication, according to the prospectus, is the treatment oThefluid retention result drugs or a mismatch hydrosaline (effect diuretic), treatment of chronic glaucoma and secondary treatment of petit mal epilepsy. Really, its role el mal de altura is its mechanism of action as it is a inhibitor of the carbonic anhidrasa. This enzyme is responsible for monitoring and between salt and water regulation in the body, muy útil ante cambios de presión.

Esta contraindicated in patients with hepatic, renal failure, aaltitude sicknessrst trimester of pregnancy.  Interacciona con anticonceptivos orales y antidiabéticos orales.You must check with your doctor before taking on their own as, as all medication, la acetazolamida has side effects (tingling of the extremities) y contraindicaciones diversas.

Why should water drinkable?

• For a minimum quality fit for human consumption
• Prevent bacterial diseases, parasitic,…
• Separate content or other substances present in this

Or different methods potabilización which will be conditioned by the fate of travel y los means available to them. What are these methods to purify water?

• Boiling: Boiling is the method more reliable to purify it and to drink it and use it safely. The minimum required is that the water should be boiled at least a moment y, after, allow to cool to room temperature. Never added ice faster cooling. This process will destroy most bacteria, larvae and parasites in areas where low latitude. As the area is highest, eg from the 1500 meters, then you should boil water at least three minutes and add a disinfectant también.

• Filters: It is a safe method of potabiliación and is often combined with boiling ( after boiling and cooling, then filter). Purification filters vary in size depending on usage (industrial, specific laboratory, personal travel,…). Some retain unwanted minerals and larvae, others will be able to retain cystic forms even tinier bacteria large. There are some like LifeSaver Systems to ensure retention viruses and bacteria small ( pores less than 15 nanometers when whole virus tend to have smaller size 20) to ensure drinkable water. These are designed for special passengers in harsh conditions, military and / or underdeveloped areas or third world, although the latter costs would soar if it were a large population. They are available at Amazon for a price of around 100 euros.

• Chemical Treatment: When it is not possible boil water, be used as an alternative method other than. That is why using a chemical disinfectant such as chlorine, yodo al 2% o silver salts. This method does not eliminate the 100% all microorganisms and , also, if the source water is quite dirty filter will be convenient first. If using cpmo iodine disinfectant should be taken into account that purification effect will be valid for approximately 24 hours. In clean water or warm, be used 5 gotas (0.25 mL) cada 250 mL de agua, or what is the same, 20 each liter of water drops. Suciao water that is cool, should double the amount and manage 10 gotas (0.50 mL) cada dropsL de agmL (eacht).For professional or expeditions who spend long periods in countries with adverse conditions both climatic and hygienic, commonly used commercial products such as water purification tablets like water MicroPur o Strong MicroPure Company Katadyn. Not necessarily products for extreme conditions because they can be put to other areas such as water hotels, Campsites, sources, etc.…

  Another portable water treatment most commonly used by climbers and hikers who are professionals Life Straw, blue tube of which can be drinking directly as if it were a straw. It consists of iodine filters and ends with the 99% of parasites and bacteria in water. Was distributed to countries Third World a greatly reduced price (fails to 1 Euro) y , due to its huge success, also traded in developed countries a un precio bastante asequible.

  Another of the most modern environmental purification are those who use ultraviolet radiation (UV) to cause complete sterilization Environmental. One of the best known is SteriPEN, a simple and small device size of a lighter cuisine that is inserted into the vessel containing the water and emits radiation needed to purify the entire volume of water required, ensuring 99.99% destruction of microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia y otros flagelados presentes en el medio acuático.

  Then, una lista de varios complementos específicos para la potabilización del agua y el enlace para poder comprarlos con la confianza de Amazon:

  

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