Remember that type viral vaccines (tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis B, Yellow fever) may be given half year or more before the trip because his immunity prevails for years. Instead, las bacterial vaccines (cholera, Typhoid fever) will be administered in a reasonable time before starting (o sea, weeks before) since its immunization capacity no es tan duradera como las primeras.

There are also interactions between vaccines, in case of need to be given for that particular country, such as hepatitis B and typhoid fever. Between one and one is advised reasonable minimum de 1 month apart. Polio vaccine and yellow fever, that contain live virus, must also respect the time, o bien, conjuntamente el mismo día.

Then, details the most common infections and for which there is vaccination:

• Yellow Fever: This infection is endemic in the regions near the Ecuador and South Africa. The vector that transmits the Aedes aegypti mosquito and is very resistant to insecticides, so it has reappeared in areas of the Caribbean. In Asia, the absence of the epidemic, Most countries require mandatory vaccination if coming from an endemic area or where the disease exists. Vaccination is a single inoculation and it is advisable to apply a booster dose every 10 años. Has an incubation period of 3 a 6 days and then takes the form of chills, widespread pain and fever. After three days, fever may fall but are nausea and vomiting. The eyes and tongue may be red and bleeding gums. If the stool or vomit are dark in color may be indicative of a bleeding stomach level or instestinos. Milder cases are more similar to the flu but the person has jaundice (hence the name of fever “yellow”). The vaccine is recommended because there is no specific treatment for this, sólo el sintomático.

• Cholera: Is an ineffective vaccine, practically used to prevent infection and only lasts half years. Although not recommended administration, some countries require if the visitor comes from an endemic area. Is administered in a single dose, one week before the trip because the vaccine will provide maximum protection (although with a 50% efficacy). Before vaccination, el mejor método para prevenir es hacer hincapié exhaustivo en la desinfección del agua.

• Tetanus: There is an article on the web tetanus because their infection is highly distributed across the planet. The vaccine protection is high although the mortality rate is high. The initial series of tetanus vaccine are 2 an interval between doses 4 y 8 weeks. The third dose is given between 6 y 12 monthand later. After, should adminsitrarse a booster dose every 10 años, sobreotodo when traveling to other areas abroad. If the person already vaccinated traveled but does 5 years and want to make another trip back to hostile areas, entonces también deberá aplicarse una dosis exyears old/li>

• Typhoid Fever: This vaccine has a 70% efficiency but is also capable of reducing the severity of infection if. It is usually given when the trip is done in rural areas of developing countries. También existe una vacuna oral para la fiebre tifoidea.

• Poliomyelitis: This disease is prevented by the administration of the trivalent. The oral form based on live virus is much more effective than the injectable vaccine based on inactivated viruses. La oral puede tomarse a pesar de la persona ya se haya vacunado previamente de la polio mediante el inyectable.

• Meningococci: They are common in underdeveloped areas and may appear as a timely outbreak. People traveling to places like India, Nepal, Africa and Saudi Arabia (vaccine requires) should get immunity previously obtained about 2-3 años.

• Hepatitis B: The cause is a DNA virus that differs from hepatitis A virus. It is transmitted primarily through bodily fluids (blood,  semen,…) but so is through contaminated food and water. The hepatitis B vaccine before travel should adminsitrarse non-industrialized areas and is a very effective and safe vaccine (also, protects against hepatitis D). La infección puede ser detectada mediante un simple análisis de sangre.

MORE COMMON DISEASES IN INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL

• Infection and Contagion by Water and Food: Brucellosis, Cholera, Criptosporidiasis, Giardiasis, Hepatitis A and E, Legionellosis, Leptospirosis, Listeriosis, Esquistosomiasis y Fiebre Tifoidea.

• Vector-borne: Malaria and Malaria, Yellow Fever, Dengue, Encephalitis Center Primaveroestival, Encefalitis Japonesa.

• Transmitted by Animals (zoonotic): Rage, Fiebres Hemorrágicas víricas.

• Sexual Transmission: Hepatitis B, VIH/SIDA, Sífilis.

• Bloodborne: Hepatitis B and C, VIH/SIDA, PaluHIV / AIDSli>

• Airborne: Gripe, Enfermedad Meningocócica y Tuberculosis.

• Soil-borne: Carbunco y Tétanos.

Therefore, is necessary and essential for the traveler to consult a vaccination center for advice. Vaccination is one of the first components of our “botiquín” that will be used, since protect our health de forma eficaz.

There are several Specialized centers providing advice to and inform travelers about the Preventive measures and risks associated with travel. This, must agree upon quote, what is recommended you do so outside of the busiest months by other travelers. La best is it a 30 days before departure, mostly, administered vaccine in case the need for further dose, or, para poder observar si se producen reacciones adversas por muy leves que sean.

Los internationThevaccination centers (GCI)report if necessary vaccinations or preventive measures in case of traveler's diarrhea, encephalitis,malaria, yellow fever and other diseases. In the case of taking chronic medication and visit tropics risk of disease increases considerably and should be considered not all vaccines are compatible con determinada medicación.

And Spain, CVI vaccination centers are distributed throughout Spain. The following link provides access to complete list centers determined by the Ministry of Health:

List of Centers for International Vacunación

Travelers also are classified according to their degree of risk. We found, therefore:

• Minimal risk: Usually travel to major cities that do not involve travel to rural areas. They are the business travel profile, viajes profesionales y viajes turísticos organizados.

• Moderate Risk: The trips are short and are not to 30 day stay. The area covered are cities but they can go on outings to the countryside without getting to sleep outside hotels. There are no long walks in the countryside nor is precarious. Included are unorganized trips,

• Maximum Risk: These are long trips or trips to the same zone SICES (repeated). They are an individual travel profile in precarious conditions, people with temporary or immigrants who decide to visit family for a long period of time. Included are unorganized trips or extreme adventure, viajes de cooperantes y viajes militares.

A pesar de que existe un apartado específico y muy completo para el botiquín de viaje en esta web, el Ministry of Health marca unos mínimos existentes para la realización y disponibilidad del mismo.

It prerequisite have the botiquín in those destinations where there may or there are significant risks, especially in developing countries and where medical and the availability of an elementary group of drugs not sure. Is recommended:

• First aid material: